Frameworks, indices and policy instruments that explain the economic news. 336 concepts, each with its definition, key details and a timeline of every news story that touched it.
AB PM-JAY, launched on 23 September 2018, is described as the world's largest government-funded health assurance scheme, providing a health cover of ₹5 lakh...
The EAC-PM is an independent body constituted to provide advice on economic and related issues to the Government of India, specifically to the Prime...
India is the world's second-largest coal consumer and third-largest producer. Coal accounts for roughly 55% of India's electricity generation. Despite large...
Excise duty (now Central Excise Duty / Union Excise Duty) on petroleum products is a major source of central government tax revenue and a key lever for...
A fast breeder reactor uses fast neutrons (unlike thermal reactors that slow neutrons) to cause fission in fuel and, crucially, to convert fertile material...
FCI was established under the Food Corporations Act, 1964, and commenced operations in January 1965. It is the apex central agency responsible for...
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a period, valued at market...
India is one of the world's largest producers and consumers of tea. Assam and West Bengal together account for the bulk of India's tea production — Assam...
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi was launched on 24 February 2019 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare as income support for landholding...
Semiconductors sit at the intersection of technology policy and economic security; a handful of countries and firms (Taiwan, South Korea, the US, and a few...
iDEX (Innovations for Defence Excellence) was launched in 2018 under the Department of Defence Production (DDP), Ministry of Defence. It is a startup and...
AgriStack is a Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) initiative under the Digital Agriculture Mission, approved by the Union Cabinet in September 2024, that...
CACP is an attached office under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India. It was originally constituted in January 1965 as the...
Dedicated Freight Corridors are exclusive railway lines built solely for freight trains, separating goods traffic from passenger traffic to allow longer...
The DLI Scheme, launched as part of ISM in December 2021, specifically targets semiconductor design, which is the highest value-added segment of the chip...
The DGCA is India's apex civil aviation regulator, functioning under the Ministry of Civil Aviation. It derives its authority from the Aircraft Act, 1934...
India's FDI policy for e-commerce distinguishes between two models: the 'marketplace model,' where the platform is a facilitator between independent buyers...
A hydrogen fuel cell generates electricity through an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, releasing only water and heat as by-products....
IMD is India's national meteorological service, established in 1875 under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. It is the apex body responsible for weather...
India runs a structural current account deficit (CAD), importing more than it exports in goods. The deficit is partly bridged by services trade surplus (IT...
PPI measures the average change in prices received by domestic producers for their output at the point of production, aligning India with the price-index...
The repo rate (repurchase agreement rate) is the rate at which the RBI lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities as...
The exchange rate of the Indian rupee is managed under a 'managed float' regime — the RBI does not fix the rate but intervenes to prevent excessive...
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a chain of over 572 islands in the Bay of Bengal, forming India's strategic outpost at the confluence of the Indian...
This Act is India's dedicated statute for taxing and penalising undisclosed foreign income and assets held by residents, operating separately from the...
The DAC is the apex body in the Ministry of Defence responsible for approving all major capital acquisition proposals for the armed forces. It was...
The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act, 2003 provides the statutory framework for India's fiscal consolidation path, setting targets for...
Food security, as defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) at the 1996 World Food Summit, exists when all people at all times have physical...
India is the world's largest cotton-growing country by area and one of the top producers globally, yet its yield per hectare (approximately 440 kg lint/ha)...
India's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement commits to achieving about 50% of installed electric power capacity from...
India's GDP growth is driven by: (1) private final consumption expenditure (PFCE) — the largest component, ~55–57% of GDP; (2) gross fixed capital formation...
India's manufacturing sector contributes approximately 17% of GDP and employs over 5 crore people in the organised sector. It encompasses a wide range of...
The Insecticides Act, 1968 (Act No. 46 of 1968) is the principal legislation regulating the import, manufacture, sale, transport, distribution and use of...
MKSP is a sub-component of the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana — National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM), launched to improve the status of women in...
Unlike many central banks where the policy decision is presented as a single institutional voice, India's MPC publishes each member's individual reasoning...
SATAT was launched in October 2018 by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, implemented through Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs — IOCL, BPCL, HPCL). Its...
The World Meteorological Organization is a specialised agency of the United Nations, established in 1950, with 193 member states and territories. Its...
The Maharashtra budget's announcement of AI- and technology-enabled agricultural services represents a growing national trend of deploying precision...
AERB is India's nuclear regulatory authority, constituted on November 15, 1983 under Section 27 of the Atomic Energy Act, 1962. Its mandate is to enforce...
The Banking Regulation Act, 1949 is the primary legislation governing commercial banking in India. Section 21 empowers the RBI to determine the policy in...
Biologics are large, complex molecules derived from living cells (bacteria, yeast, mammalian cells) rather than chemical synthesis. They include monoclonal...
To cluster defence manufacturing capacity and attract investment, the government established two Defence Industrial Corridors (DICs) — one each in Uttar...
The Defence Production and Export Promotion Policy (DPEPP) 2020 is India's overarching policy framework for transforming the country into a major defence...
India's Digital Agriculture Mission (approved by the Union Cabinet with an outlay of ₹2,817 crore) and the AgriStack initiative represent the government's...
India introduced DBT in fertilisers in 2018, replacing the previous system of subsidies paid directly to fertiliser companies. Under DBT, the subsidy is...
DGTR is India's single national authority for administering all trade remedial measures, including anti-dumping duties, countervailing duties (CVD), and...
The Economic Capital Framework is the methodology the RBI uses to determine its appropriate capital level (risk buffers) and, by residual, the surplus...
Grid-scale energy storage is essential to integrate variable renewable energy (solar, wind) reliably. Pumped Storage Projects (PSP) use surplus off-peak...
The Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP) is the minimum price that sugar mills are legally required to pay cane growers, replacing the earlier Statutory...
The Goods and Services Tax replaced the pre-2017 indirect tax regime in which excise duties, service tax, VAT, octroi, and a host of state levies created a...
Green hydrogen is hydrogen produced by splitting water (H₂O) into hydrogen and oxygen using electrolysis powered by renewable energy, resulting in zero...
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous body under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of...
The India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) was launched in 2021 under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), with a total financial...
India has used a combination of export promotion (during surplus years) and export restrictions (to control domestic inflation) for rice — creating...
India's fisheries sector spans marine (coastal and deep-sea) and inland (rivers, reservoirs, ponds, estuaries) sub-sectors. The sector employs approximately...
India's food security framework rests primarily on the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA), which gives roughly two-thirds of the population a legal...
India's growth outperformance vs large EMs is attributed to structural and cyclical factors that Moody's and other agencies have documented.
India's Information Technology and Business Process Management (IT-BPM) sector is the largest private-sector employer in the organised economy and the...
India is the world's second-largest steel producer (after China) and has consistently aimed to become a net steel exporter. Steel is a critical input for...
The textile and apparel sector is India's second-largest export earner (after IT services) and the second-largest employer (45+ million, including 70%...