Frameworks, indices and policy instruments that explain the economic news. 283 concepts, each with its definition, key details and a timeline of every news story that touched it.
NIIF was established in 2015–16 (announced in Union Budget 2015-16) as India's sovereign-anchored alternative assets manager to channel domestic and foreign...
The National Policy on Electronics 2019, approved by the Union Cabinet, set a target of achieving a turnover of USD 400 billion in India's Electronics...
The National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) is India's primary regulatory and certification framework for organic farming, implemented by APEDA...
The Natural Gas (Supply Regulation) Order, 2026 is issued under Section 3 of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural...
The RBI's policy stance signals the likely direction of future rate moves. A 'Neutral' stance means the MPC is not predisposed toward either rate cuts or...
NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) was incorporated in March 2019 as a Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) under the Department of Space. It is ISRO's...
A recurring Prelims concept is the distinction between nominal and real GDP, and how the GDP deflator works.
An NPA is a loan or advance for which principal or interest payment has been overdue for more than 90 days. RBI's Prudential Norms (issued under Section 21...
The Act East Policy (2014, evolved from the Look East Policy of 1992) emphasises connectivity with Southeast Asia through India's northeastern states, which...
The Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for Advanced Chemistry Cell Battery Storage was approved by the Union Cabinet on 12 May 2021 with a budgetary...
PM PRANAM (PM Programme for Restoration, Awareness, Nourishment and Amelioration of Mother Earth) was announced in Union Budget 2023-24. It does not have a...
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and Piped Natural Gas (PNG) are both used for domestic cooking but differ fundamentally in delivery, cost structure, and...
The Paris Agreement, adopted at COP21 in December 2015 and entered into force on November 4, 2016, requires all signatory nations to submit Nationally...
PMGSY is one of India's largest rural infrastructure schemes, launched on December 25, 2000, by then-Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Its primary...
PMEGP is KVIC's flagship credit-linked subsidy scheme for micro-enterprise creation in rural and semi-urban areas. It provides margin money subsidy of...
The PLI scheme for large-scale electronics manufacturing was one of the first 13 PLI sectors notified in 2020-21, designed to incentivise domestic...
The Public Distribution System is India's food security apparatus, operated jointly by the central and state governments. The central government procures...
PMI (Purchasing Managers' Index) is a forward-looking survey-based indicator of business activity. Each month, HSBC (for India) surveys purchasing managers...
The RBI operates under a flexible inflation targeting (FIT) framework, established by amending the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, in 2016. The target is...
The Reserve Bank of India operates under a flexible inflation targeting framework, established by amendment to the RBI Act, 1934 in 2016 (Section 45ZA). The...
The Reserve Bank of India operates under a flexible inflation targeting (FIT) framework, established under the RBI (Amendment) Act, 2016. Under this...
Sintered rare earth permanent magnets are the strongest type of permanent magnets available. The two main types are neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets and...
Regenerative agriculture is a holistic farming approach that focuses on restoring soil health, increasing biodiversity, improving the water cycle, and...
The repo rate is the interest rate at which the RBI lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities under the Liquidity Adjustment...
The repo rate (repurchase rate) is the rate at which the RBI lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities under repurchase...
The repo rate is the rate at which the RBI lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities, and is RBI's primary tool for...
SATAT was launched in October 2018 by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, implemented through Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs — IOCL, BPCL, HPCL). Its...
The Sagarmala Programme, launched in 2015 under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, is India's flagship maritime infrastructure development...
Sarvam AI is an Indian AI company co-founded by IIT-Madras alumni Vivek Raghavan and Pratyush Kumar. It operates as a full-stack AI company: building its...
Section 9A of the Income Tax Act shields an 'eligible investment fund' from being treated as tax-resident or having a business connection in India merely...
Securities Transaction Tax (STT) is a direct tax levied on every purchase or sale of securities listed on a recognised stock exchange in India. Introduced...
A share buyback (or share repurchase) is a corporate action where a company purchases its own outstanding shares from the market, thereby reducing the total...
The southwest monsoon (June to September) is India's primary source of rainfall, contributing approximately 75% of annual precipitation. More than half of...
SAF is a low-carbon alternative to conventional jet fuel (Jet A-1), derived from non-fossil feedstocks including agricultural waste, municipal solid waste...
The Tea Board of India is a statutory body established under the Tea Act, 1953 — a Central legislation providing for Union government control over the tea...
TReDS is a digital platform established and regulated by the Reserve Bank of India under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007, to facilitate the...
India's trade in services is governed by the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) under the WTO, which covers four modes of supply: cross-border...
The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) is India's real-time payment system developed by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) and regulated by the...
Urban Cooperative Banks are cooperative societies engaged in banking business, primarily serving urban and semi-urban populations with retail credit...
The Vande Bharat Express is India's indigenously designed and manufactured semi-high speed train, built by the Integral Coach Factory (ICF) in Chennai under...
Orbit altitude directly determines a satellite's capabilities and operational challenges. VLEO represents the newest frontier in satellite deployment...
The 2026 West Asia conflict has disrupted global energy and petrochemical markets through two channels: physical supply disruption (Hormuz closure threat)...
Women constitute an estimated 80% of rural agricultural workers and perform approximately 70% of total farm labour activities. Yet they remain largely...