Frameworks, indices and policy instruments that explain the economic news. 336 concepts, each with its definition, key details and a timeline of every news story that touched it.
Merchandise Trade Indices are price index numbers that track changes in the unit values (effective prices) and volumes of a country's exports and imports...
MAT was introduced in Section 115JB of the IT Act, 1961 to prevent 'zero tax companies' — large corporations with substantial book profits that paid no...
The Monetary Policy Committee is a six-member statutory body constituted under the RBI Act, 1934 (amended 2016). It sets the policy repo rate — the rate at...
The MAHSR project, popularly called India's bullet train project, spans 508 km across Maharashtra, Gujarat, and the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar...
National Accounts Statistics (NAS) is India's annual compilation of macroeconomic aggregates: GDP, GNI (Gross National Income), NNP (Net National Product)...
India adopted the National Agroforestry Policy in January 2014, becoming the first country globally to enact a dedicated national policy for agroforestry....
NAPS, launched in August 2016, is a scheme to promote apprenticeship training in India by sharing the cost of stipend between the government and the...
National income accounting involves measuring a country's economic output using concepts such as GDP, GVA, GNP, NNP, and their variants at current prices...
NIIF was set up in December 2015 as India's sovereign-anchored alternative investment platform to channel long-term capital into infrastructure. It is...
The National Policy on Electronics 2019, approved by the Union Cabinet, set a target of achieving a turnover of USD 400 billion in India's Electronics...
The National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) is India's primary regulatory and certification framework for organic farming, implemented by APEDA...
A 'neutral' stance signals that the central bank does not have a predetermined bias toward either cutting or hiking rates. It means future decisions will be...
NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) was incorporated in March 2019 as a Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) under the Department of Space. It is ISRO's...
GDP can be measured in two key ways relevant to international rankings. Nominal GDP (also called GDP at Market Exchange Rate or GDP at Current Prices)...
LPG (liquefied petroleum gas — primarily a mixture of propane and butane) is currently India's dominant cooking fuel for urban and semi-urban households...
The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) is a flagship housing scheme launched by the Government of India in 2015, with the mission of providing 'Housing for...
PMGSY is a centrally sponsored scheme launched in December 2000 to provide all-weather road connectivity to unconnected rural habitations. PMGSY-III (the...
RDSO is the sole research and development organisation under the Ministry of Railways, headquartered in Lucknow. It functions as the technical authority...
Rare Earth Permanent Magnets (REPMs) — primarily Neodymium-Iron-Boron (NdFeB) sintered magnets — are indispensable components in permanent magnet...
Regenerative agriculture is an outcome-based approach to farming that seeks to restore and enhance soil health, protect water and biodiversity, and improve...
UPI operates under the overarching regulatory framework of the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007, with the RBI as the statutory regulator and NPCI —...
The repo rate is the rate at which the RBI lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities, and is RBI's primary tool for...
The exchange rate of the Indian rupee is determined in the foreign exchange market, subject to RBI management under a 'managed float' regime. The rupee's...
The Sagarmala Programme, launched in 2015 under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, is India's flagship maritime infrastructure development...
The RBI implemented the Scale-Based Regulation (SBR) framework for NBFCs in October 2021 (operational from October 1, 2022), replacing the earlier...
STT is a direct tax levied on the purchase and sale of securities listed on a recognised stock exchange in India. Introduced via the Finance (No. 2) Act...
The report's critique that existing skilling programmes 'lack outcome orientation and placement support' directly engages with the design of India's...
The southwest monsoon (June to September) is India's primary source of rainfall, contributing approximately 75% of annual precipitation. More than half of...
Semiconductors have become a strategic technology given their concentration in a few geographies (Taiwan for advanced fabrication, limited hubs for...
Sustainable Aviation Fuel is a drop-in alternative to conventional fossil-based jet fuel (kerosene-based ATF) that can be produced from a range of...
Tax buoyancy measures how responsive tax revenue growth is to growth in nominal GDP, calculated as (% change in tax revenue) ÷ (% change in nominal GDP). A...
The Tea Board of India is a statutory body established under the Tea Act, 1953, functioning under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. It is the apex body...
Cost-push inflation originating at the wholesale level can transmit to consumer prices through two channels:
The UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik) scheme, launched in 2016 under the National Civil Aviation Policy (NCAP) 2016, aims to make air travel affordable for...
US trade remedies on Indian shrimp are layered across multiple legal instruments, making them complex and cumulative.
The ongoing West Asia conflict has disrupted global shipping and trade routes, particularly through the Red Sea and Strait of Hormuz. For India, the...