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Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)

India Stack Model

Digital Public Infrastructure refers to shared digital systems — built on open standards and protocols — that provide essential services to an entire population. India's DPI approach, branded as "India Stack," has become a global model, with the framework endorsed at the G20 New Delhi Leaders' Declaration (September 2023).

Key details
  • Identity layer: Aadhaar (12-digit unique identity) — over 139 crore registrations, enabling authentication for government services and financial transactions.
  • Payments layer: Unified Payments Interface (UPI) — processes over 14 billion transactions monthly (2025 data), enabling real-time person-to-person and person-to-merchant payments.
  • Documents layer: DigiLocker — digital document verification and storage, linked to Aadhaar.
  • Data Governance: India's DPI model emphasizes data empowerment and protection through the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act).
  • G20 New Delhi Leaders' Declaration (2023) explicitly endorsed DPI as "shared digital systems... to enable service delivery to its population," recognizing India's leadership in this domain.
  • AgriStack extends the DPI approach to agriculture, creating domain-specific registries that plug into the broader India Stack ecosystem.
In the news

Tracked since February 10, 2026 · last seen August 05, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes

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