Groupings, treaties, chokepoints and doctrines behind India's foreign policy news. 667 concepts, each with its definition, key details and a timeline of every news story that touched it.
India's Ministry of External Affairs officially characterises India's West Asia policy as 'de-hyphenated' — meaning India's relations with Israel, Arab...
India's defence industrial ecosystem has been transformed through the Make in India initiative applied to defence manufacturing. The government introduced...
India's defence procurement policy has evolved to prioritise indigenisation under the 'Make in India' (Atmanirbhar Bharat in Defence) framework. The Defence...
India has the world's largest diaspora — approximately 32 million persons of Indian origin (PIOs) and non-resident Indians (NRIs) worldwide. The GCC hosts...
India has the world's largest diaspora (approximately 32 million people as of 2024, per the Ministry of External Affairs). The Gulf Cooperation Council...
India's Digital Public Infrastructure forms the backbone of its AI ambitions. The India Stack -- comprising Aadhaar (biometric identity for 1.4 billion)...
India's foreign policy has evolved through three phases: Non-Alignment (1947–1991), Strategic Autonomy (1991–2014), and Multi-Alignment (2014–present)....
India's economic linkages to the West Asian/Gulf region are among its most significant globally, spanning energy, trade, remittances, and the diaspora.
India is the world's second-largest consumer and largest importer of edible oils. Domestic production meets only approximately 40-45% of demand, creating a...
India does not have a formal 'Energy Diplomacy' doctrine codified in law, but the practice is well-established: the Ministry of External Affairs and...
India is the world's third-largest oil consumer and second-largest LPG consumer. It imports approximately 85% of its crude oil and 62–65% of its LPG. West...
Recognising its structural vulnerability to Middle East supply disruptions, India has pursued several long-term diversification strategies. The most...
India imports approximately 85% of its crude oil requirements (~4.2 million barrels per day) and is the world's third-largest oil importer. Approximately...
India imports approximately 85% of its crude oil requirements, with a significant portion sourced from Persian Gulf producers (Saudi Arabia, Iraq, UAE...
India imports approximately 87% of its crude oil, making it the world's third-largest oil importer. Roughly 51% of this crude, and approximately 83% of...
India is the world's third-largest oil consumer and importer, with crude oil import dependency reaching approximately 88-89% in FY 2024-25. India imported...
India is the world's third-largest crude oil consumer and importer, depending on imports for over 85% of its oil needs. Historically, over 60% of India's...
India's energy security is structurally linked to the Persian Gulf. Any prolonged disruption to the Strait of Hormuz has direct consequences for India's oil...
India is the world's third-largest crude oil consumer and importer. Its energy security is structurally vulnerable to disruptions in the Persian Gulf. The...
India's energy security calculus has always included the Hormuz risk. As the world's third-largest oil importer, India's economic stability is directly tied...
India's foreign trade policy aims to diversify export markets beyond traditional dependence on the US and the Middle East. The emphasis on the EU — a USD 15...
Beyond energy and remittances, India's trade relationship with West Asia creates a third channel of vulnerability. The region is a destination for Indian...
India's FDI policy operates through two routes: the Automatic Route (no prior approval needed — just post-facto RBI notification) and the Government Route...
India is one of the world's largest consumers of chemical fertilizers, critical for the agricultural productivity gains of the Green Revolution. Despite...
The Foreign Trade Policy 2023, notified by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry effective April 1, 2023, provides the overarching framework for India's...
India's Indo-Pacific vision, articulated in PM Modi's 2018 Shangri-La Dialogue speech, is premised on a Free, Open, and Inclusive Indo-Pacific. India...
India adopted the Flexible Inflation Targeting (FIT) framework in 2016 under an amendment to the RBI Act. The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), a six-member...
India is the world's largest importer of LPG. The country consumes approximately 31 million metric tonnes (MMT) annually but domestic production covers only...
India's air defence is built around a layered concept — different systems covering different ranges and altitudes, operating in an integrated fashion. The...
India has increasingly leveraged multilateral hosting to shape global norms. The G20 New Delhi Leaders' Declaration (September 2023) achieved consensus...
India's foreign and security policy in crises is coordinated through the National Security Council (NSC) framework. Understanding the role of the NSA...
'Neighbourhood First' was announced in 2014 as a cornerstone of PM Modi's foreign policy — prioritising India's immediate neighbours (SAARC + Myanmar) as...
India is the world's third-largest oil consumer and importer, meeting approximately 88% of its crude oil requirements through imports. The annual crude...
India is the world's third-largest consumer of crude oil, with import dependency at approximately 88–90 percent of consumption. Over 60 percent of India's...
India has been the world's largest recipient of remittances for over two decades. Remittances constitute approximately 3–4% of India's GDP — a figure that...
Following Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and Western sanctions on Russian oil, India dramatically increased its Russian crude...
The SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) doctrine was articulated by India in March 2015 during the Prime Minister's visit to Mauritius...
West Asia is India's most strategically important neighbourhood beyond South Asia. India's interests are underpinned by three pillars: the Indian diaspora...
India's West Asia policy has historically been shaped by a doctrine of 'strategic autonomy' — maintaining equidistant relations with competing powers and...
'Strategic autonomy' — the policy of engaging multiple great powers without binding alignment with any — is the conceptual foundation of India's foreign...
India has maintained a policy of strategic non-alignment in West Asian conflicts, cultivating relationships simultaneously with Iran (energy imports...
India's condemnation of the Pakistani strikes is shaped by long-standing strategic interests in Afghanistan that diverge sharply from Pakistan's interests...
India has formalized its bilateral relationships through a tiered system of partnership designations, each implying a different level of institutional...
India's SPR programme was established under ISPRL (Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Limited), a subsidiary of the Petroleum Ministry. The SPR is modelled...
India maintains Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) as a buffer against supply disruptions, managed by the Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Limited...
India established a Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) programme under the Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Limited (ISPRL), a special purpose vehicle...
India imports more than 85% of its crude oil requirements, making it one of the most exposed large economies to global energy price swings. In FY24, crude...
India is the world's second-largest textile producer and sixth-largest exporter of textiles and apparel. The sector employs over 45 million workers directly...
Faced with the volatility of the US market, India's trade policy has increasingly emphasised geographic diversification of export destinations. India has...
India's approach to bilateral trade negotiations has evolved significantly since 2014, with a more assertive posture on sensitive sectors while seeking...
India's dependence on West Asia spans three critical sectors simultaneously: energy (crude oil, LPG, LNG), fertilisers (urea, DAP), and remittances. This...
India has invested over USD 3 billion in Afghanistan since 2001, making it the largest regional provider of humanitarian and development assistance. Despite...
The India-Australia Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement was signed in September 2014 during an Australian Prime Minister's visit to New Delhi. The agreement...
Beyond trade, India and Australia have elevated their bilateral relationship through the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (signed June 2020)...
The India-Bangladesh Friendship Pipeline (also called the Indo-Bangla Friendship Pipeline) is a cross-border petroleum product pipeline connecting...
India and Bhutan share one of the closest bilateral relationships in South Asia — unique in the absence of a formal defence treaty yet deep in security...
India and Canada share over 75 years of diplomatic relations, with a large Indian diaspora of approximately 1.8 million in Canada serving as a...
The India-China boundary has never been formally delimited and demarcated along its approximately 3,488 km (the Line of Actual Control, or LAC). The dispute...
India-China bilateral trade hit a record $155.6 billion in 2025, but the trade deficit widened to a record $116 billion. India's exports to China were...
India runs a large and growing structural trade deficit with China, driven by heavy import dependence on Chinese industrial, electronic, and...