India's Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR)
India's Strategic Petroleum Reserves are underground storage facilities for crude oil maintained as a buffer against supply shocks. They are managed by Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Limited (ISPRL), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Oil Industry Development Board (OIDB) under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
- Phase I SPR capacity: 5.33 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) across three underground rock cavern facilities:
- Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh: 1.33 MMT
- Mangaluru, Karnataka: 1.5 MMT
- Padur, Karnataka: 2.5 MMT
- Total Phase I capacity provides approximately 9.5 days of India's petroleum consumption.
- For comparison, the International Energy Agency (IEA) recommends members maintain 90 days of net import cover; India's Phase I is far below this benchmark.
- Phase II expansion approved in 2021 includes two additional facilities at Chandikhol, Odisha (4 MMT) and Padur expansion (2.5 MMT), adding 6.5 MMT — but these remain under development.
- Further expansion plans (six additional sites including Mangalore SEZ and Bikaner salt caverns) are at feasibility stage.
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