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Energy Security

Concept, Policy Framework, and India's Approach

Energy security refers to the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price. The IEA defines it in terms of four dimensions: Availability (sufficient physical resources), Accessibility (geopolitical and infrastructure access), Affordability (price stability), and Acceptability (environmental sustainability). India's energy security policy is articulated in the National Energy Policy framework and managed by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), and Ministry of Power.

Key details
  • India's primary energy mix (2024): coal ~55%, oil ~25%, natural gas ~6%, renewables ~14%
  • India's renewable energy target: 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030 (announced at COP26); this reduces long-term oil dependency
  • Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy (HELP), 2016: replaced the New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP); introduced open acreage licensing and revenue-sharing model to boost domestic production
  • Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) and Oil India Limited (OIL) are the primary domestic producers; domestic production covers only ~15% of consumption
  • Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (2016): distributes LPG connections to BPL households (~100 million connections by 2023); LPG import dependence makes this scheme vulnerable to supply disruptions
In the news

Tracked since March 03, 2026 · last seen July 06, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes

Plus 9 earlier mentions since March 03, 2026.

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