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India's Foreign Policy Doctrine

Strategic Autonomy

India's foreign policy has historically rested on the principle of "strategic autonomy" — the freedom to make independent decisions based on national interest rather than alignment with any power bloc. This doctrine traces its lineage to Nehru's Non-Alignment but has evolved significantly under successive governments.

Key details
  • Non-Aligned Movement (NAM): Formally established at the Belgrade Conference in September 1961, co-founded by Nehru (India), Nasser (Egypt), and Tito (Yugoslavia); India has been a founding member and prominent voice
  • Under PM Modi, India's approach has been described as "multi-alignment" or "multi-vector diplomacy" — maintaining active strategic partnerships with the US, Russia, EU, and the Gulf simultaneously
  • The term "strategic autonomy" was given formal articulation by EAM Jaishankar in his 2020 book "The India Way: Strategies for an Uncertain World"
  • India maintains diplomatic relations with Iran (a state the US has sanctioned) while simultaneously being a Quad member and Major Defence Partner of the US
  • India's position on the West Asia conflict — calling for dialogue without condemning the US or Iran — reflects this multi-alignment posture operationally
In the news

Tracked since March 06, 2026 · last seen May 24, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes

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