Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Properties, Production, and Transport
LNG is natural gas (primarily methane, CH₄) cooled to approximately -162°C, at which point it becomes liquid, reducing its volume to roughly 1/600th of its gaseous state. This dramatic volume reduction makes LNG economically viable for transportation over long distances where pipeline infrastructure does not exist, and for use in vehicles where storage density is critical. LNG is distinct from CNG (Compressed Natural Gas), which is stored at high pressure (200-250 bar) in gaseous form — LNG's liquid state gives it higher energy density per unit volume, making it more suitable for heavy transport applications.
- LNG production: natural gas is purified, cooled at -162°C in liquefaction plants (typically at natural gas production sites or import terminals)
- India's LNG imports: approximately 22-24 MMTPA (million metric tonnes per annum); largest suppliers are Qatar, USA, and Australia
- India's LNG regasification terminals: Dahej, Hazira, Dabhol, Kochi, Ennore, Mundra (combined capacity ~47 MMTPA)
- LNG vs. CNG: LNG is liquid (higher energy density, suited for heavy vehicles and long routes); CNG is compressed gas (suited for light vehicles and short urban routes)
- Environmental profile: LNG combustion emits ~25-30% less CO₂ than diesel, ~90% less NOx, minimal particulate matter and sulphur
● Tracked since February 18, 2026 · last seen July 01, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes