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International Relations GS 2 In the news 46 times

India's Energy Security Architecture

India is the world's third-largest energy consumer and imports over 85% of its crude oil requirements. Energy security — ensuring affordable, reliable, and diversified supply — is a core component of India's economic planning under the Integrated Energy Policy framework. The diversification of suppliers is a stated objective, yet price sensitivity is paramount given that India's fuel subsidy burden and current account balance are directly affected by import costs.

Key details
  • India's petroleum import bill runs into hundreds of billions of dollars annually, making per-barrel pricing a macroeconomic variable, not just a procurement decision.
  • Prior to 2022, Russia supplied less than 2% of India's crude; post-Ukraine war, this surged to over 35% at peak, driven entirely by discounted pricing.
  • The government uses instruments such as the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) — with facilities in Vishakhapatnam, Mangalore, and Padur — for short-term supply shock mitigation.
In the news

Tracked since February 06, 2026 · last seen July 05, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes

Plus 16 earlier mentions since February 06, 2026.

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