JCPOA
The 2015 Nuclear Deal and Its Collapse
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), signed on July 14, 2015, between Iran and the P5+1 (US, UK, France, Russia, China + Germany) and the European Union, was the last comprehensive framework governing Iran's nuclear activities. It placed quantitative and qualitative limits on Iran's enrichment in exchange for sanctions relief.
- JCPOA signed: July 14, 2015 (Vienna); operational from January 16, 2016
- Key limits under JCPOA: enrichment capped at 3.67% (sufficient for power reactors, not weapons); uranium stockpile limited to 300 kg; centrifuge count reduced from ~20,000 to 6,104; Fordow facility converted from enrichment to research
- "Breakout time" under JCPOA: estimated at 12+ months — the time Iran would need to produce enough weapons-grade uranium for one bomb
- Trump withdrew the US from JCPOA in May 2018 under a "maximum pressure" strategy; Iran began exceeding limits from July 2019
- Iran's enrichment level by 2023: up to 84% purity (near weapons-grade; weapons typically require 90%+)
- IAEA safeguards: Iran accepted Additional Protocol under JCPOA (intrusive inspections); cooperation with IAEA reduced after US withdrawal
● Tracked since February 10, 2026 · last seen June 26, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
18 Apr '26
No date set for next round of Iran-U.S. talks: Iran Deputy Foreign Minister
International Relations
09 Apr '26
Iran rules out restrictions on enrichment programme: nuclear energy chief
International Relations
20 Mar '26
U.S. may remove sanctions on Iranian oil stranded in tankers, Bessent says
International Relations
International Relations
Strait of Hormuz
International Relations
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and Iran's Obligations
International Relations
IAEA
International Relations
Iran's Nuclear Programme
International Relations
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
International Relations
Uranium Enrichment
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