India's Energy Transition
Renewable Scale-Up and Structural Challenges
India's energy transition — moving from fossil fuel dominance toward renewable energy — is the single largest component of its decarbonisation strategy, and the sector where progress has been most visible.
- India's total installed electricity capacity: 513,730 MW (December 2025). Non-fossil share: 51.93% (renewable + hydro + nuclear).
- Renewable energy target: 500 GW by 2030 (PANCHAMRIT). 48,436 MW of new renewable capacity was added in 2025.
- Key renewable sectors: Solar (dominated by utility-scale parks — Pavagada, Bhadla, Rewa), Wind (Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Rajasthan), Green Hydrogen (National Green Hydrogen Mission, target 5 MMT/year by 2030).
- Hard-to-abate sectors: Steel, cement, chemicals, aviation, and shipping cannot electrify easily — these will require green hydrogen, carbon capture and storage (CCS), or process redesign. Standard Chartered's $300 billion estimate accounts for these.
- Just Transition: The coal sector employs ~3.8 million people directly/indirectly. Any rapid fossil phase-out must address worker displacement, regional economic impacts (Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha coal belt) and energy access.
- PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (2024): Targets 10 million rooftop solar installations with free electricity for eligible households.
● Tracked since February 10, 2026 · last seen July 24, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
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