Ethnic Conflict in Manipur
Background and Dimensions
Violence erupted in Manipur on May 3, 2023, triggered by protests by Kuki-Zo tribes against a High Court recommendation to extend Scheduled Tribe (ST) status to the majority Meitei community. The clashes pitted the valley-based Meitei community (predominantly Hindu, inhabiting the Imphal valley) against the hill-based Kuki-Zo tribes (predominantly Christian, inhabiting the hill districts). The conflict resulted in over 260 deaths, displacement of tens of thousands of people, destruction of homes and places of worship, and a near-total breakdown of inter-community relations. The conflict has a complex historical dimension rooted in competing land rights, ST reservation politics, and demands for autonomous administrative arrangements.
- Meiteis constitute approximately 53% of Manipur's population but are confined to roughly 10% of the state's land area (the valley).
- Kuki-Zo groups have demanded a separate Union Territory with legislature for the hill districts — a demand the Centre has not accepted.
- Over 260 people were killed and more than 50,000 displaced in the 2023 violence according to official estimates.
- The Internet was suspended in Manipur for extended periods during the conflict.
● Tracked since February 06, 2026 · last seen June 10, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes