Suspension of Operations (SoO) Agreement
The Suspension of Operations (SoO) agreement is a ceasefire framework between the Central Government, the Manipur state government, and armed underground groups of the Kuki-Zo community. The current SoO was signed in 2008 with two umbrella bodies — the Kuki National Organisation (KNO) and the United People's Front (UPF) — comprising approximately 25 groups. Under the pact, security forces suspend offensive operations against signatory groups, while militant cadres are required to stay confined in designated camps. The agreement is renewed annually based on progress in peace talks, and has been extended nearly every year since 2008. Its primary purpose is to create space for political dialogue rather than permanently resolve the conflict.
- The SoO is a tripartite agreement: Centre, Manipur state government, and Kuki-Zo armed groups.
- Cadres must remain in designated camps and refrain from carrying weapons outside; security forces suspend cordon-and-search operations.
- The Manipur state government attempted to withdraw from the SoO in March 2023 for two groups (Kuki National Army and Zomi Revolutionary Army) alleging violations.
- A revised SoO pact was signed by the Centre and Manipur government with Kuki-Zo groups approximately two years after the May 2023 violence began.
● Tracked since February 06, 2026 · last seen May 01, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes