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International Relations GS 2 In the news 3 times

Strait of Hormuz and Maritime Chokepoints

The Strait of Hormuz is a 33-km-wide (at its narrowest) waterway between Iran (to the north) and Oman/UAE (to the south), connecting the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman and the broader Arabian Sea. It is the world's most critical oil chokepoint: approximately 20 million barrels per day (b/d) of crude and petroleum products — roughly 20% of global petroleum consumption and 25–27% of all seaborne oil trade — transited it in 2024. Around one-fifth of global LNG trade (primarily Qatari) also passes through it. There is no meaningful pipeline alternative for the volumes involved: the Saudi East-West Pipeline (Petroline) can carry ~4.8 mb/d, covering only a fraction of Hormuz throughput.

Key details
  • Narrowest width: ~33 km; navigable shipping lanes ~3 km wide in each direction.
  • Oil throughput (2024): ~20 million barrels/day = ~20% of global petroleum consumption.
  • LNG: ~20% of global LNG trade passes through (primarily Qatar's exports).
  • Pipelines as alternatives: Saudi Petroline (~4.8 mb/d), Abu Dhabi ADNOC pipeline (~1.5 mb/d) — combined far below Hormuz volume.
  • 2026 crisis: tanker traffic fell ~70%; 150+ ships anchored outside strait.
In the news

Tracked since March 02, 2026 · last seen August 31, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes

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