Indus Waters Treaty, 1960

The Indus Waters Treaty was signed on 19 September 1960 in Karachi between India and Pakistan, with the World Bank as a co-signatory and guarantor. It is one of the world's most enduring water-sharing agreements, having survived multiple wars between the two countries. Under the treaty, the three eastern rivers — Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej — were allocated to India, while the three western rivers — Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab — were allocated to Pakistan. India retains limited rights to non-consumptive use (hydroelectric projects, irrigation within specified limits) on the western rivers.