Indus River System Geography
The Indus basin is a transboundary river system originating in the Tibetan Plateau and draining through India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and China, making its water-sharing arrangements strategically significant beyond bilateral India-Pakistan relations.
- The Indus originates near Lake Mansarovar in Tibet, flows through Ladakh, and enters Pakistan before emptying into the Arabian Sea near Karachi.
- Key tributaries covered under the treaty: Jhelum and Chenab (western rivers, via Jammu and Kashmir); Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej (eastern rivers, via Punjab).
- Pakistan is estimated to depend on the Indus system for roughly 80% of its irrigated agriculture, which is the primary reason abeyance is viewed by India as significant leverage.
● Tracked since May 16, 2026 · last seen July 26, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
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