Green Hydrogen
Technology and Definition
Green hydrogen is hydrogen produced by splitting water (H₂O) into hydrogen and oxygen using electrolysis powered by renewable energy, resulting in zero direct greenhouse gas emissions. It is distinct from grey hydrogen (from natural gas, with CO₂ emissions) and blue hydrogen (from natural gas with carbon capture). Green hydrogen is seen as critical for decarbonising hard-to-abate sectors such as steel, fertilisers, shipping, and heavy transport.
- Electrolysis process: Electric current splits water into H₂ (hydrogen) and O₂ (oxygen). Two main technologies: Alkaline Electrolysis (mature, lower cost) and PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane, faster response, better suited to variable renewable energy).
- Green hydrogen has an energy density of ~120 MJ/kg — nearly three times that of conventional fuels.
- Current global green hydrogen production cost: $4–6 per kg; India's 2030 target: below $1 per kg.
- As of 2023, over 95% of global hydrogen production was from fossil fuels (grey/brown/black hydrogen).
● Tracked since February 21, 2026 · last seen July 02, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
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