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Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023

Key Provisions

The DPDP Act, 2023, enacted on 11 August 2023 with rules notified on 14 November 2025, is India's first comprehensive data protection legislation. While primarily aimed at regulating the processing of digital personal data by both government and private entities, its Section 44 amends three existing laws, including the RTI Act.

Key details
  • Applies to digital personal data processed within India and to processing outside India if related to offering goods/services in India
  • Key concepts: Data Principal (individual whose data it is), Data Fiduciary (entity processing data), Consent Manager (registered intermediary)
  • Data Protection Board of India: Adjudicatory body (not a regulator) established under Section 18 — quasi-judicial, not fully independent
  • Section 44(3): Amends RTI Act Section 8(1)(j) — removes the public interest override for personal information
  • Section 44(2): Amends IT Act, 2000 — omits Section 43A (compensation for data breaches)
  • Penalties: Up to Rs 250 crore for data breaches; up to Rs 200 crore for non-compliance with children's data provisions
  • Exemptions: Government agencies exempted on grounds of sovereignty, security, public order (Section 17)
In the news

Tracked since February 19, 2026 · last seen May 19, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes

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