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International Relations GS 2 In the news 5 times

Critical Minerals Cooperation

Critical minerals (lithium, cobalt, nickel, rare earth elements, and others) are essential inputs for clean energy technologies (batteries, EV motors, wind turbines) and advanced electronics. India has identified 30 critical minerals and launched the Critical Minerals Mission (2024) to secure diversified supply chains through mining, processing, and bilateral agreements.

Key details
  • The Netherlands, as a major port and refining hub (Rotterdam), plays a significant role in European critical mineral supply chains.
  • The India-Netherlands strategic partnership includes a cooperation framework on critical minerals, complementing India's agreements with Australia, Argentina, and African nations.
  • India's Critical Minerals Mission (outlay: Rs. 16,300 crore) aims to develop domestic mining, reduce import dependence, and build strategic reserves.
In the news

Tracked since February 21, 2026 · last seen July 12, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes

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