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International Relations GS 2 In the news 44 times

Critical Minerals

Strategic Importance and India's Policy

Critical minerals are minerals essential for modern technology, defence, and clean energy applications but subject to supply chain concentration risks. India announced its first Critical Minerals Strategy in 2023 and established KABIL (Khanij Bidesh India Limited) in 2019 as a joint venture to secure overseas mineral assets.

Key details
  • India's critical minerals list: 30 minerals including lithium, cobalt, nickel, rare earth elements, gallium, germanium, tungsten
  • KABIL: Joint venture of NALCO, HCL, and MECL; signed agreements with Australia and Argentina for lithium and cobalt
  • China controls approximately 60% of global critical mineral processing and 80% of rare earth refining
  • Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2023: Introduced a separate list of 24 critical and strategic minerals for auction
  • Union Budget 2023-24: Full exemption of customs duty on lithium-ion battery cell imports
In the news

Tracked since February 02, 2026 · last seen July 26, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes

Plus 14 earlier mentions since February 02, 2026.

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