Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Institutional Profile and India Relationship
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a regional multilateral development bank established in 1966, headquartered in Manila, Philippines. It provides loans, grants, technical assistance, and equity investments to its developing member countries to reduce poverty and promote inclusive economic growth. India is one of ADB's founding members and largest borrowers. ADB's private sector operations (distinct from its sovereign lending) co-invest with private investors in commercially viable projects.
- Established: 1966 (operational from 1967)
- Headquarters: Manila, Philippines
- Membership: 68 members (49 from Asia-Pacific, 19 non-regional)
- India's status: founding member; one of the largest borrowers; ADB's second-largest shareholder from the region (after Japan and China)
- Capital structure: Ordinary Capital Resources (OCR) — for middle-income countries; Asian Development Fund (ADF) — concessional loans for low-income countries; India primarily borrows from OCR
- ADB's private sector operations: up to 25% of total lending can be non-sovereign (to private sector, state-owned enterprises, subnational governments); the $1 billion direct investment in India's private sector in 2025 falls under this window
- ADB vs. World Bank: ADB focuses on Asia-Pacific; World Bank is global; India borrows from both; IBRD (World Bank) and ADB OCR are the two main multilateral sources for India
● Tracked since February 25, 2026 · last seen May 04, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
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