Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Structure, Mandate, and India's Role
The Asian Development Bank was established on 19 December 1966, following a United Nations initiative to accelerate economic growth and cooperation in Asia. Its headquarters is in Manila, Philippines. India was one of the 31 founding members of ADB. Today ADB has 69 members — 49 from within the Asia-Pacific region. The two largest shareholders are Japan and the United States, each holding approximately 15.6% of shares. India holds approximately 6.3% of shares, making it one of the largest developing-country shareholders.
ADB's lending instruments include ordinary capital resources (OCR) loans at near-market rates, Asian Development Fund (ADF) concessional loans for lower-income countries, grants, and technical assistance. India, classified as a middle-income country, borrows primarily from OCR.
- ADB founded: December 19, 1966; headquarters: Manila, Philippines.
- Members: 69 (49 regional, 20 non-regional).
- Largest shareholders: Japan (~15.6%), USA (~15.6%), China (~6.4%), India (~6.3%).
- ADB's weighted voting system: voting power is proportional to capital subscription.
- India is among ADB's largest borrowers historically, primarily for infrastructure, energy, and urban development.
● Tracked since February 25, 2026 · last seen June 21, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes