Artificial Intelligence Governance
Global and India Context
Deepfakes are a product of Generative AI (specifically Generative Adversarial Networks — GANs and diffusion models). Their governance raises questions about platform liability, creator accountability, and the balance between innovation and harm prevention.
- Generative AI techniques: GANs (two neural networks — generator and discriminator trained adversarially), diffusion models (reverse-noise processes); both can produce photorealistic fake images, audio, and video.
- Global regulatory approaches: EU AI Act (2024) classifies deepfake generation in certain contexts as high-risk/prohibited AI; requires labelling of AI-generated content. US: Deepfakes Accountability Act (proposed) targets non-consensual intimate deepfakes. China: Regulations since 2022 require labelling of AI-generated content and platform accountability.
- India's approach: Currently relies on IT Act + DPDPA + intermediary guidelines; no standalone AI law; November 2025 IT Rules amendment is the most specific step so far.
- Electoral deepfakes: A special concern for India given the scale of elections; the Election Commission has flagged AI-generated content as an emerging threat to free and fair elections.
- The IT Rules 2025 amendment placed obligations on "significant social media intermediaries" (SSMIs) — platforms with over 50 lakh registered users in India.
● Tracked since February 17, 2026 · last seen August 17, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
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