Article 122
Courts Cannot Question Parliamentary Proceedings
Article 122(1) provides that the validity of any proceedings in Parliament cannot be called into question on the ground of any alleged irregularity of procedure. Article 122(2) provides that no officer or member of Parliament in whom powers are vested shall be subject to the jurisdiction of any court in respect of the exercise of those powers.
- This is a constitutional immunity protecting parliamentary sovereignty and the separation of powers.
- The Supreme Court has held (in cases like Raja Ram Pal v. Speaker, Lok Sabha, 2007) that while courts cannot examine the internal proceedings of Parliament, they can review whether legislation violates constitutional provisions.
- Mass suspension of MPs, while a procedural matter internal to Parliament, may be cited as context to argue the law lacks democratic legitimacy — though Article 122 would bar the Court from using the suspension itself to invalidate the Act.
● Tracked since May 07, 2026 · last seen August 24, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
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