Evicted and Erased: How Assam's Land Evictions Are Translating Into Voter Disenfranchisement
In Assam's Kachutali village (Dimoria constituency, ~30 km east of Guwahati) and surrounding areas, families evicted from government land — predominantly Bengali-speaking Muslims — found their names removed from the electoral roll following a Special Revision exercise, leaving them holding voter IDs deemed invalid.
More than 2,200 names from the Kachutali area were struck off the revised rolls published on February 10, 2026; in Dhubri and Uriamghat areas, an estimated 5,700-odd displaced persons may have lost voter registration.
In the last five years, approximately 50,000 people — mostly Muslims of Bengali origin — have been evicted from government land in Assam under a state-level campaign; many have not received new voter IDs despite filing Form 6 (application for fresh enrollment) at new addresses.
The pattern raises constitutional concerns about the intersection of eviction, displacement, and disenfranchisement — affecting what Article 326 guarantees as a fundamental right to vote.
Article 326 and the Right to Vote
Article 326 of the Constitution provides that elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States shall be on the basis of adult suffrage — every citizen who is not less than 18 years of age and is not otherwise disqualified shall be entitled to be registered as a voter. The Supreme Court has held the right to vote to be a statutory right (not a fundamental right), but derived from the constitutional mandate of universal adult franchise.
Evicted families retain their constitutional right to vote as citizens. The removal of their names from rolls — where not accompanied by due process notice and an opportunity to register at a new address — is potentially in violation of Article 326 read with the Representation of the People Act, 1950.
Electoral Roll Revision: Legal Framework and Safeguards
The Election Commission of India conducts electoral roll revisions under Section 21 of the Representation of the People Act, 1950 and Rule 25 of the Registration of Electors Rules, 1960. Revision may be intensive (fresh enumeration) or summary (amendments to existing rolls).
Evicted persons whose homes were razed — and who therefore no longer reside at their registered address — may have had their names deleted under summary revision on the ground that they are "not traceable." Without proactive steps to identify and facilitate their re-registration at new addresses, the legal safeguards become hollow.
Citizenship, NRC, and the Specter of Statelessness
Assam has a legally distinct context: the National Register of Citizens (NRC) update (2019) excluded approximately 19 lakh applicants. The intersection of eviction from government land, voter list deletion, and NRC exclusion creates a multi-layered risk of statelessness for affected communities.
Key Details
- NRC update conducted under Section 6A of the Citizenship Act, 1955, which grants citizenship to those who entered Assam before March 24, 1971
- A person excluded from NRC has the right to appeal before the Foreigners' Tribunal — the process is ongoing
- Voter ID and NRC inclusion are legally independent processes — exclusion from one does not automatically trigger exclusion from the other
- However, in practice, deletion from voter rolls combined with NRC exclusion compounds vulnerability and signals to communities a threat to citizenship itself
- The question of citizenship for Bengali-speaking Muslims in Assam intersects with the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), 2019, which does NOT provide a pathway for Muslim immigrants from Bangladesh
For residents of villages like Kachutali, the eviction-followed-by-voter-deletion sequence is experienced not just as a logistical problem but as an existential threat — a step toward being rendered non-citizens in practice even if not in law.
- Kachutali village: Dimoria Assembly constituency, approximately 30 km east of Guwahati, Assam
- Over 2,200 names struck off from Kachutali area in the February 2026 revision
- Approximately 5,700 displaced persons in Dhubri and Uriamghat may have lost voter registration
- Approximately 50,000 people — predominantly Bengali-speaking Muslims — evicted from government land in Assam over the past five years
- Form 6: Application for fresh enrollment in electoral roll (new address); Form 7: Objection for deletion
- NRC update (2019): 19.06 lakh persons excluded out of 3.3 crore applicants
- Qualifying date for 2026 Assam electoral roll revision: January 1, 2026