Precedents
Uttarakhand's UCC and the Goa Civil Code
Uttarakhand and Goa are currently the two examples of UCC-type frameworks operating within Indian states, offering institutional precedent and a comparative template for other states considering similar legislation.
- The Uniform Civil Code of Uttarakhand Act, 2024 received presidential assent in March 2024 and came into force in January 2025, replacing religion-specific personal laws (including the Hindu Marriage Act, Muslim personal law/Shariat provisions, and the Indian Christian Marriage Act) with a common framework for marriage, divorce, succession and live-in relationship registration for state residents (with Scheduled Tribes exempted).
- The Goa Civil Code is a continuation of the Portuguese Civil Code of 1867, applicable to all Goan residents regardless of religion since before Goa's 1961 integration into India, making Goa the only state with a long-standing common civil code.
- A state-level UCC committee model — appointing a retired judiciary-led expert panel to draft recommendations before legislation — has now been used in at least two states (Gujarat and Uttarakhand) besides Maharashtra, reflecting an emerging procedural template.
● Tracked since February 24, 2026 · last seen September 14, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
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