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Polity & Governance GS 2 In the news 3 times

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Framework

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is the cornerstone of the global non-proliferation regime. Opened for signature in 1968, it entered into force in 1970. The NPT has three pillars: non-proliferation, disarmament, and the peaceful use of nuclear energy. Non-nuclear weapon states (NNWS) like Iran are permitted to enrich uranium for civilian purposes under NPT Article IV, subject to IAEA safeguards. Iran argues it has an "inalienable right" to enrichment under Article IV.

Key details
  • NPT opened for signature: July 1, 1968; entered into force: March 5, 1970
  • NPT three pillars: non-proliferation, disarmament, peaceful use
  • NPT Article IV: right of all parties to peaceful use of nuclear energy
  • NPT Article VI: nuclear weapon states obligated to pursue disarmament
  • Iran is an NPT signatory (ratified 1970)
  • Three NPT non-signatories: India, Pakistan, Israel (North Korea withdrew in 2003)
In the news

Tracked since April 08, 2026 · last seen July 25, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes

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