India's Oil Import Dependence and Energy Security Framework
India is the world's third-largest oil consumer and importer, meeting approximately 88% of its crude oil requirements through imports. The annual crude import bill stood at roughly $137 billion in FY 2024-25, accounting for about 25% of India's total merchandise imports. Every $10 rise in global crude prices reduces India's GDP growth by approximately 0.5% and adds ₹15,000–16,000 crore to the annual import bill.
- Gulf nations (West Asia) account for roughly 63% of India's crude oil imports (down from 72% in 2017-18 due to deliberate diversification).
- India's Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR), managed by Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Limited (ISPRL) — a subsidiary of the Oil Industry Development Board under the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas — are located at three sites: Visakhapatnam (1.33 MMT), Mangaluru (1.5 MMT), and Padur (2.5 MMT), with a total Phase I capacity of 5.33 MMT.
- Current SPR stocks stand at approximately 3.37 MMT (64% of capacity), sufficient for about 9.5 days of crude consumption. Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) maintain an additional 64.5 days of storage.
- Phase II expansion approved in 2021 adds 6.5 MMT capacity at Chandikhol (Odisha) and additional Padur (Karnataka) storage.
● Tracked since March 25, 2026 · last seen May 23, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
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