India's Fertilizer Import Dependence

India is one of the world's largest consumers of chemical fertilizers, critical for the agricultural productivity gains of the Green Revolution. Despite being a major urea producer, India still imports approximately 25–30% of its urea requirement annually. For phosphatic and potassic (P&K) fertilizers — including DAP, MOP (muriate of potash), and complexes — India is 80–90% import dependent, as it lacks significant domestic deposits of rock phosphate and potash. India's fertilizer import bill typically exceeds ₹1.5–2 lakh crore annually, heavily subsidised by the government.