IAEA Safeguards System
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), established in 1957 under its Statute, administers international safeguards to verify that nuclear material is not diverted from peaceful uses to weapons. Under NPT Article III, non-NWS must conclude Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements (CSAs) with the IAEA covering all nuclear material in their territory.
- IAEA headquartered in Vienna; currently applies safeguards in 190 states
- Three types of agreements: Comprehensive (NPT non-NWS), Voluntary Offer (NWS), and Item-Specific (non-NPT states like India, Pakistan, Israel)
- Additional Protocol (INFCIRC/540) provides enhanced inspection authority -- complementary access, environmental sampling, expanded declarations
- India-specific safeguards: Under the 2008 India-US Civil Nuclear Deal, India placed 14 civilian reactors under IAEA safeguards while keeping strategic facilities outside
- India ratified the Additional Protocol in 2014
● Tracked since February 28, 2026 · last seen March 15, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
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