Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) and Right to Work
Part IV of the Constitution (Articles 36–51) contains the Directive Principles, borrowed from the Irish Constitution. They are non-justiciable (cannot be directly enforced in courts) but are fundamental to governance. Article 41 directs the State to "make effective provision for securing the right to work" within the limits of its economic capacity. Article 43 calls for securing a living wage and decent conditions of work for workers. DPSPs represent the positive obligations of the State and are a recurring Mains question in the context of welfare legislation.
- DPSP vs Fundamental Rights: DPSPs are non-justiciable (Kesavananda Bharati, 1973 reaffirmed their complementary — not subordinate — status to Fundamental Rights post-42nd Amendment).
- Article 21 (Fundamental Right): The Supreme Court has expansively interpreted it to include the right to livelihood (Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation, 1985).
- 42nd Constitutional Amendment (1976) added the word "socialist" to the Preamble, strengthening the moral basis for employment guarantees.
- The 44th Amendment (1978) inserted Article 38(2) directing the State to minimise inequalities in income and status.
● Tracked since May 11, 2026 · last seen May 11, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
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