Constitutional Amendment Process
Adding a New Sub-Article
Extending Article 371-type protections to Ladakh as a UT would require either (a) a new sub-article (e.g., Article 371K for Ladakh) introduced via constitutional amendment under Article 368, or (b) a statutory-level protection through Parliament without amending the Constitution, which would offer lesser entrenched protection. A constitutional amendment under Article 368 requires a special majority of Parliament — a majority of the total membership of each House and a two-thirds majority of members present and voting.
- Article 368: Amendment procedure — special majority in both Houses (no state ratification required for most amendments, though certain amendments affecting federal structure require ratification by at least half the state legislatures).
- Constitutional amendments extending special provisions to states (e.g., Article 371J for Karnataka in 2012) have precedent — but none have been made for UTs.
- A separate approach being considered is empowering the UT-level elected body through a law under Article 239A (which allows Parliament to create legislatures for UTs) or an amendment specific to Ladakh's circumstances.
● Tracked since March 24, 2026 · last seen July 03, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
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