Articles 25–28
Right to Freedom of Religion
Articles 25 to 28 of the Constitution guarantee freedom of religion as a fundamental right under Part III. Article 25(1) gives every person — not just citizens — the freedom of conscience and the right to freely profess, practise, and propagate religion. This right is subject to public order, morality, health, and other Fundamental Rights. Article 26 guarantees collective religious freedom to religious denominations, while Articles 27 and 28 deal with taxation for religious purposes and religious instruction in state-aided institutions respectively.
- Article 25 is an individual right; Article 26 is a collective right vested in religious denominations.
- The right to propagate religion under Article 25 does not extend to converting others by force, fraud, or allurement — a distinction established by the Supreme Court.
- The right under Article 25 can be restricted by the State on grounds of public order, morality, and health, giving legislatures room to regulate conversions.
- Anti-conversion laws are enacted under Entry 1 (Public Order) of the Seventh Schedule's State List, affirming state legislative competence in this area.
● Tracked since March 16, 2026 · last seen May 15, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
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