Article 44 of the Constitution
Uniform Civil Code as a Directive Principle
Article 44, contained in Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy) of the Constitution, reads: "The State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India." The DPSPs are non-justiciable — they cannot be directly enforced by courts — but are constitutionally binding as guidance to the legislature and executive.
- The UCC was a subject of extensive debate in the Constituent Assembly. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Chairman of the Drafting Committee, strongly supported a UCC as essential to secularism and equality, arguing that personal law distinctions based on religion were incompatible with a modern democratic republic.
- The UCC was placed in the DPSP chapter rather than in the Fundamental Rights chapter as a political compromise, acknowledging the sensitivity of religious personal laws while signalling the constitutional aspiration for uniformity.
- Entry 5 of List III (Concurrent List) of the Seventh Schedule covers "marriage and divorce; infants and minors; adoption; wills, intestacy and succession; joint family and partition" — placing personal law under concurrent jurisdiction of Parliament and state legislatures, meaning states can legislate on UCC within their territories.
● Tracked since May 24, 2026 · last seen July 03, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
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