Article 19(1)(b)
Freedom of Assembly and Its Restrictions
The right to assemble peaceably and without arms is guaranteed under Article 19(1)(b) of the Constitution. However, this right is not absolute — Article 19(3) permits the State to impose reasonable restrictions in the interests of sovereignty and integrity of India, or public order.
- Article 19(1)(b): Freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms — available only to citizens.
- Article 19(3): Restrictions must be reasonable and imposed by law; grounds: sovereignty and integrity of India, public order.
- "Public order" is narrower than "law and order" — public order disturbances affect a wider section of the community; mere law-and-order breaches do not justify Article 19(3) restrictions (Ram Manohar Lohia v. State of UP, 1960).
- The Supreme Court in Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India (2020) held that restrictions on fundamental rights in J&K must be reviewed periodically and cannot be indefinite.
● Tracked since March 13, 2026 · last seen August 13, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
See it in today’s brief.
Daily current affairs with every static concept explained in place.
Read the daily brief