UNSC Reform
G4 vs the Ezulwini Consensus
India's advocacy for a "reformed multilateralism" giving Africa "its due place" connects directly to the ongoing, unresolved debate over UN Security Council expansion, in which India and African states hold related but distinct negotiating positions.
- India is a member of the G4 (with Brazil, Germany, and Japan), which seeks new permanent Security Council seats without insisting on immediate veto power for new members
- The African Union's common position, the Ezulwini Consensus (2005), demands at minimum two permanent seats with full veto rights and five non-permanent seats for Africa — a more maximalist demand than the G4's
- The difference between the G4 and Ezulwini positions on the veto question has historically been a structural obstacle to consensus on UNSC reform
- India seeks African support for its own permanent-seat bid, making convergence with the Ezulwini position diplomatically significant, even though the two positions are not fully aligned
● Tracked since February 28, 2026 · last seen August 06, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
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