Shimla Agreement (1972)
Line of Control vs. International Boundary
The Shimla Agreement was signed on 2 July 1972 between the Prime Ministers of India and Pakistan following the 1971 war, converting the 1971 ceasefire line into the Line of Control (LoC), which both countries agreed to respect without unilateral changes, pending a final settlement.
- The LoC is a de facto military control line, not a legally recognised international boundary — a critical distinction from the India-Pakistan International Boundary (IB) further south in Jammu.
- The Agreement committed both countries to resolve differences bilaterally, forming the basis for India's objection to third-party mediation on Kashmir.
● Tracked since February 11, 2026 · last seen August 03, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
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