Scale-Based Regulation (SBR) Framework for NBFCs
The RBI implemented the Scale-Based Regulation (SBR) framework for NBFCs in October 2021 (operational from October 1, 2022), replacing the earlier size-agnostic regulatory approach with a risk-and-scale-proportionate framework.
- The SBR classifies all NBFCs into four layers based on asset size, systemic importance, and activity type:
- Base Layer (NBFC-BL): Smaller NBFCs with assets below ₹1,000 crore — lightest regulation.
- Middle Layer (NBFC-ML): Deposit-taking NBFCs, non-deposit NBFCs above ₹1,000 crore, and certain specialised categories — moderate regulation.
- Upper Layer (NBFC-UL): Top 10 eligible NBFCs identified by RBI as systemically important — near-bank-level regulation (Basel III norms applicable).
- Top Layer (NBFC-TL): Reserved for NBFCs posing extreme systemic risk — currently empty.
- The SBR framework also introduced enhanced corporate governance, IPO disclosure norms, and concentration limits for upper-layer NBFCs.
- The November 2025 amendments extended registration exemptions to small non-customer-facing NBFCs — the same principle underpinning the February 2026 deregistration proposal.
● Tracked since February 10, 2026 · last seen April 11, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
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