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International Relations GS 2 In the news 3 times

Maritime Law

Right of Innocent Passage and Humanitarian Port Entry

Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS, 1982), vessels in distress may seek entry into a foreign port on humanitarian grounds, a principle distinct from innocent passage (which applies to territorial waters traversal). India's decision to allow IRIS Lavan into Kochi was framed as a humanitarian response to a ship in technical distress — not a political statement. However, warships in distress occupy a grey area in UNCLOS, since Articles 17–26 govern innocent passage but do not explicitly address military vessel refuge.

Key details
  • UNCLOS was signed in 1982 and entered into force in 1994; India is a signatory.
  • Article 18 of UNCLOS permits passage through territorial seas for vessels stopping "only in so far as necessitated by force majeure or distress."
  • India has previously granted humanitarian port access to foreign warships (e.g., during the 2004 tsunami relief operations).
  • The Kochi Naval Base (INS Venduruthy) is a major Indian Navy facility on the Kerala coast.
In the news

Tracked since March 06, 2026 · last seen August 15, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes

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