India's Wheat Economy
Production, Buffer Stocks, and Food Security
India is the world's second-largest wheat producer (after China), with an annual production of approximately 113–115 million tonnes (MT) in recent years — thanks to the Green Revolution-era infrastructure in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh, which together account for ~80% of national wheat output.
Wheat is India's second most important food grain after rice and a principal component of the Public Distribution System (PDS). The Food Corporation of India (FCI) procures wheat at the Minimum Support Price (MSP) and maintains buffer stocks to ensure food security.
- India's wheat production FY25: ~113-115 million tonnes (2nd globally after China)
- Main producing states: UP (33%), MP (19%), Punjab (17%), Haryana (12%), Rajasthan (9%)
- MSP for wheat (FY26): INR 2,425 per quintal
- FCI's wheat buffer stock (January 2026): ~25-28 million tonnes — well above buffer norms
- Buffer stock norms (wheat): 7.46 MT on April 1; 21.04 MT on July 1 (lean season peaks)
- PDS: ~800 million beneficiaries receive subsidised wheat under NFSA; PM-GKAY provides additional free grain
● Tracked since February 24, 2026 · last seen May 04, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
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