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International Relations GS 2 In the news 11 times

India's Strategic Autonomy in Foreign Policy

India's foreign policy has evolved from Non-Alignment during the Cold War (articulated by Jawaharlal Nehru at the Bandung Conference, 1955) to "strategic autonomy" in the post-Cold War era, and more recently to "multi-alignment" -- maintaining diversified partnerships without formal alliance commitments. Strategic autonomy prioritizes independent decision-making insulated from external pressure, while multi-alignment involves cultivating a broad network of strategic partnerships simultaneously.

Key details
  • Non-Aligned Movement (NAM): founded 1961 (Belgrade), India a founding member; India continues to participate but NAM's relevance has diminished
  • India's nuclear tests (1998) were framed as exercises of strategic autonomy; India remains outside the NPT
  • India designates Russia a "Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership" -- Russia remains a major defense supplier (S-400, BrahMos, Sukhoi Su-30MKI)
  • India-US relations elevated to "Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership" in 2020
  • India's participation in both the Quad (with US, Japan, Australia) and BRICS (with Russia, China) exemplifies the multi-alignment approach
  • External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar has stated India remains "wedded to strategic autonomy" and that energy choices are "strategic decisions, not trade pact obligations"
In the news

Tracked since February 08, 2026 · last seen June 23, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes

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