India's LPG Import Dependence and Energy Vulnerability

India imports approximately 60% of its LPG requirement, with 90% of those imports passing through the Strait of Hormuz from West Asian producers. This makes any disruption in the Persian Gulf a direct energy security threat to Indian households. The LPG distribution system is deeply integrated into welfare programs — over 31 crore households are covered under the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY), which provides subsidised LPG to below-poverty-line families.