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International Relations GS 2 In the news 4 times

India's Foreign Exchange Reserves

Composition and Management

India's foreign exchange reserves are managed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and consist of four components: Foreign Currency Assets (FCA), Gold Reserves, Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), and Reserve Tranche Position with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). FCA is the largest component, typically accounting for around 85–88% of total reserves, invested primarily in US Treasury securities, sovereign bonds of select countries, and deposits with foreign central banks.

Key details
  • As of early March 2026, India's forex reserves were approximately $709–720 billion (among the top 4 globally).
  • Foreign Currency Assets (FCA): ~$616 billion (invested in USD, Euro, GBP, JPY-denominated instruments).
  • Gold Reserves: ~$65 billion, now constituting ~15% of total reserves (up from ~7% a decade ago), reflecting a strategic diversification.
  • SDRs: ~$18.5 billion (a basket-based international reserve asset created by the IMF, not a currency).
  • Reserve Tranche with IMF: ~$4.3 billion (India's quota-based claim on the IMF).
  • A decline in reserves can reflect: (1) RBI selling foreign currency to support rupee, (2) valuation losses as the USD strengthens against reserve currencies, or (3) both simultaneously.
In the news

Tracked since March 13, 2026 · last seen April 24, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes

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