Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
Carbon Market Mechanisms
Article 6 of the Paris Agreement establishes frameworks for voluntary international cooperation in achieving NDC targets through carbon markets and non-market approaches. It comprises three pillars: Article 6.2 (bilateral trading of Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes — ITMOs between countries), Article 6.4 (a UN-supervised multilateral carbon crediting mechanism, successor to the Kyoto CDM), and Article 6.8 (non-market approaches). Rules for Article 6.2 and 6.4 were finalised at COP29 (Baku, 2024).
- Article 6.2: Country-to-country bilateral trading of ITMOs; requires corresponding adjustments to avoid double-counting
- Article 6.4: Multilateral crediting mechanism supervised by the Article 6.4 Supervisory Body; replaces Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
- Article 6.8: Non-market approaches — capacity building, technology transfer, finance, not involving carbon credits
- COP29 (Baku, 2024) finalised the operational rules for both 6.2 and 6.4 after years of stalled negotiations
- REDD+ sovereign credits can flow through Article 6.2 bilateral arrangements
● Tracked since June 11, 2026 · last seen August 17, 2026 · updates as the daily brief publishes
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